Altai Turks living in the southern region of Siberia, Altay Kiji, Telengit, Teleüt Çalkandı, Kumandı and Tuba is a Turkish community. Altai Turks, which continue to exist under the name of Gorno-Altayskiy Respublika (Autonomous Republic of Mountainous Altai), use Altai Turkish as well as Russian today. Altay Turkish on being made outside Turkey together with some research in our country is limited research on the Altai and Altay Turkish. In this study, the history, geography, ethno demographic and political structure of Altai Turks, the place of Altai Turkish among Turkish dialects, comparative phonology of Altai Turkish, leading voice events of Altaic Turkish dialects, written language and distinctive basic features of Altaic Turkish.